Non-astigmatic X-ray Imaging with Matched Pairs of Spherically Bent Crystals

This invention disclosure describes new imaging schemes in which matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors eliminate astigmatic errors, so that point-to-point imaging at almost arbitrary angles of incidence becomes possible. These imaging schemes can be applied to a wide spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, and x-rays, with the use of appropriate reflectors. However, for the extreme ultraviolet radiation and x-rays, the Bragg condition must be fulfilled for both reflectors, leading to additional requirements, which are defined in the present invention disclosure.